14 Jan 2021

A Look at Misinformation & Disinformation and How to Fight It: Part 1

Maltego Team

If the recent events that have taken place around the world have taught us anything, it is that we should all work towards making the internet a safe place every day. With that in mind, we want to address a topic that has grown in importance over the past ten years: Misinformation and disinformation.

The nature of how information spreads has been dramatically transformed by social media over the course of the past decade. The continuous evolution of culture and society has led us into a “post-truth” era where facts are irrelevant, making people more susceptible to emotional appeals and manipulation.

Misinformation & Disinformation: A Two-Part Maltego Blog Series 🔗︎

We have created a two-part blog series to raise awareness of misinformation and disinformation, and how one can conduct simple but insightful disinformation investigations with Maltego.


In Part 1 of this series, we will explain the differences between misinformation and disinformation and how they have become threats to internet safety.

Infographic | Misinformation vs. Disinformation: Definitions, Differences & How to Conduct Investigations 🔗︎

Many people use these two terms interchangeably, but the key difference between them is in fact, the element of intent.

The following content shows the difference between misinformation and disinformation and introduces related concepts. It also presents ways to detect fake news and offers options for their investigation using Maltego.

Misinformation vs. Disinformation 🔗︎

What is Misinformation? 🔗︎

The word misinformation has been around since at least the 1500s and refers to spreading false information with no apparent intent to mislead.

We are all susceptible to generating and spreading misinformation, for we have fallible memories and are prone to mistakes or miscommunication. For example, we might share or discuss something without fact-checking and may forget or mishear things or details but share them anyway.

What is Disinformation? 🔗︎

Disinformation takes place when misleading or biased information is deliberately spread. For example, during the Cold War (1947-1991), the Soviet Union and the U.S. dedicated many resources to spreading wrong information to undermine each other.

Disinformation can take many forms, from fake news to memes and propaganda, all of them seeking to influence and control public opinion.

Differences between misinformation and disinformation

From Misinformation to Disinformation; From Disinformation to Misinformation 🔗︎

Misinformation and disinformation can often form vicious circles, one recent example resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, where their massive spread was aptly named an Infodemic.

Being first diagnosed in early 2020, Covid-19 is a disease around which much remains unknown. This resulted in a rampant spread of misinformation, which was later weaponized into disinformation campaigns. Additionally, disinformation planted by threat actors resulted in misinformation being spread by the public.

Popular misinformation and disinformation campagins

Maltego as A Tool to Investigate Misinformation and Disinformation 🔗︎

Misinformation and disinformation spread online in many ways and via different means. However, they do leave digital artifacts (IP addresses, URLs, webpages, domains, and the like) in their wake. These constitute evidence that can be traced and linked to newly found artifacts, thus forming networks that can be studied using Maltego.

As a graphic link-analysis tool, Maltego can help map misinformation and disinformation networks in order to study the relationships between the different artifacts inside them, understand how a particular piece of fake news spreads, detect clusters, and potentially determine who is behind a specific campaign.

But there are a few things to learn before you embark on your investigation, for misinformation and disinformation are part of a vast ecosystem and their success is partly rooted in the knowledge and exploitation of human behavior.

Why Do Misinformation and Disinformation Thrive? 🔗︎

Misinformation and disinformation are part of a vast ecosystem and their success is partly rooted in the knowledge and exploitation of human behavior.

what helps misinformation and disinformation propagate

Information Fact-Checking is an Afterthought 🔗︎

A little over fifteen years ago, news and information were exclusively consumed from newspapers, television, and radio. Despite possible political or ideological leanings, the so-called fourth estate was and is considered a truthful and reliable source of information.

Because of that, our society is not used to fact-checking (questioning the source and content of what we read, see, or hear), particularly when the source is someone who’s opinion we value. In fact, the whole process has become an afterthought.

What Lies are Made of 🔗︎

Amongst others, fake news refers to false and often sensationalist stories that lay at the heart of disinformation campaigns. In order to serve a particular interest, these stories are often crafted as rage bait with the hope of outraging the public and in doing so, generating greater amounts of interaction.

Additionally, a large amount of fake news used for disinformation campaigns is based on or feeds into conspiracy theories, thus rejecting the “mainstream” explanation for an event and crediting a covert group or organization with executing a secret plot.

We Are Only Human 🔗︎

It is not all about fake news and the public failing to fact-check what we read. Each of us holds certain beliefs and opinions, and we subconsciously look for information that will further confirm or support them. This is known as confirmation bias.

We also tend to live in echo chambers, where the same opinions we hold are voiced and promoted, and we have a tendency known as homophily, which makes us form stronger bonds with those similar to us in age, gender, ethnicity, class, beliefs, etc.

By eroding geographical barriers, the Internet has provided groups and individuals with echo chambers where opinions are supported across nations and the world. This has greatly accelerated the spread of misinformation and disinformation, which in turn has increased the risk of massive radicalization.

This is worsened by so-called gatekeepers i.e. people (influencers, politicians), interest groups, or platforms (social media platforms) controlling access to information and presenting themselves as arbiters of quality or legitimacy.

Technology can be Part of the Problem 🔗︎

By excluding content that opposes our opinions and beliefs, the algorithms in our social media platforms that suggest what we should watch and read based on our previous choices create what is known as a filter bubble, effectively turning social media platforms into gatekeepers.

While end-to-end encryption keeps our data from being intercepted by threat actors or repressive regimes, it also complicates detecting and monitoring the spread of fake news on platforms, such as WhatsApp for example.

The regional and cultural nuances of each language and dialect can be very intricate, and lack of language-specific content moderation on social media platforms to help train detection algorithms can result in subtle or covert messages (written, visual and auditory) being overlooked.

Tech Companies Can be Part of the Solution 🔗︎

Some of the most public actions undertaken by Technology companies seeking to safeguard their customers are rather recent.

In 2018 YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter banned Alex Jones, who is responsible for disseminating fake stories on school shootings across the U.S. On that same year, Reddit shut down the main QAnon subreddit channel to help reduce the spread of misinformation related to the conspiracy theory.

In May 2020 Twitter introduced labels and warning messages providing additional context and information on tweets mentioning popular topics such as COVID-19. And, in January 2021, Amazon Web Services (AWS) terminated its hosting services for Parler, the platform where allegedly much of the planning for the Capitol riots in the U.S. took place.

How to Identify and Curb The Impact of Disinformation 🔗︎

The internet is full of tricksters and malicious actors who rely in people’s lack of media literacy to further their own agendas. Thankfully, some information is so largely exaggerated that it is easy to categorize as fake news, for everything else you can follow these steps:

Steps to identify misinfomation and disinformation with Maltego

1. Read Beyond the Headline 🔗︎

Reading before sharing can help develop our critical thinking and teach us to detect signs of rage bait, hyper-partisan appeals, and scams. It can also keep our biases in check by helping us identify synthetic media—i.e. auto-generated content that specifically fits our beliefs and principles.

2. Check the Sources and Origin of the Story 🔗︎

You read the story but are still unsure about it being legitimate? it is time to look closer.

Timestamps are vital to helping us understand where the story came from and to counteract the phenomenon of context collapse on the internet. Overlooking timestamps and dates can always make it look like the story is taking place right here and right now each time it gets posted, re-posted and shared.

Next, try to find the original author of the story as well as first-hand sources such as legal filings, interviews, leaked documents, press releases, photos, videos, and the like. This will allow you to analyze the evolution of the story over time and detect any possible manipulations.

3. Dig Deeper to Gain a Full Understanding of the Context 🔗︎

We have likely all mistaken a satirical article for a real story at some point. This is not disinformation, but we can easily turn it into misinformation by sharing and spreading it. To avoid it, check the type of outlet hosting the information, and then check this against other articles mentioning the same story.

4. Evaluate Your Evidence 🔗︎

Take all the information you collected, and consider the quality of your sources, their political and ideological leanings, omissions, and errors in reporting, what the larger narrative is, and whether or not you should share the story. If you are certain you have encountered a piece of fake news, report it, and do not share it!

Investigate Further with Maltego 🔗︎

Want to dig deeper or look into the network behind the disinformation campaign?

Navigate disinformation with Maltego

Investigators can perform several types of analyses with Maltego depending on the type of information they want to look into (photos, images, memes, articles, social media messages, hosting services, websites, etc.), and the starting point from which they want to launch an investigation using Maltego.

Mitigate Disinformation Campaigns Ahead of Elections 🔗︎

As your next step, you can watch the deep-dive session with our SMEs where they explore strategies for monitoring the spread of disinformation and present solutions to tackle some of the electoral challenges of this day and age using Maltego.

Watch now!

Download the resource

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    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+976" data-countrycode="MN" title="Mongolia" >Mongolia +976</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1664" data-countrycode="MS" title="Montserrat" >Montserrat +1664</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+212" data-countrycode="MA" title="Morocco" >Morocco +212</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+258" data-countrycode="MZ" title="Mozambique" >Mozambique +258</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+95" data-countrycode="MN" title="Myanmar" >Myanmar +95</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+264" data-countrycode="NA" title="Namibia" >Namibia +264</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+674" data-countrycode="NR" title="Nauru" >Nauru +674</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+977" data-countrycode="NP" title="Nepal" >Nepal +977</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+31" data-countrycode="NL" title="Netherlands" >Netherlands +31</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+687" data-countrycode="NC" title="New Caledonia" >New Caledonia +687</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+64" data-countrycode="NZ" title="New Zealand" >New Zealand +64</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+505" data-countrycode="NI" title="Nicaragua" >Nicaragua +505</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+227" data-countrycode="NE" title="Niger" >Niger +227</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+234" data-countrycode="NG" title="Nigeria" >Nigeria +234</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+683" data-countrycode="NU" title="Niue" >Niue +683</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+672" data-countrycode="NF" title="Norfolk Island" >Norfolk Island +672</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+670" data-countrycode="NP" title="Northern Mariana Islands" >Northern Mariana Islands +670</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+47" data-countrycode="NO" title="Norway" >Norway +47</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+968" data-countrycode="OM" title="Oman" >Oman +968</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+92" data-countrycode="PK" title="Pakistan" >Pakistan +92</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+680" data-countrycode="PW" title="Palau" >Palau +680</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+507" data-countrycode="PA" title="Panama" >Panama +507</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+675" data-countrycode="PG" title="Papua New Guinea" >Papua New Guinea +675</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+595" data-countrycode="PY" title="Paraguay" >Paraguay +595</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+51" data-countrycode="PE" title="Peru" >Peru +51</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+63" data-countrycode="PH" title="Philippines" >Philippines +63</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+48" data-countrycode="PL" title="Poland" >Poland +48</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+351" data-countrycode="PT" title="Portugal" >Portugal +351</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1787" data-countrycode="PR" title="Puerto Rico" >Puerto Rico +1787</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+974" data-countrycode="QA" title="Qatar" >Qatar +974</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+262" data-countrycode="RE" title="Reunion" >Reunion +262</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+40" data-countrycode="RO" title="Romania" >Romania +40</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+7" data-countrycode="RU" title="Russian Federation" >Russian Federation +7</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+250" data-countrycode="RW" title="Rwanda" >Rwanda +250</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+378" data-countrycode="SM" title="San Marino" >San Marino +378</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+239" data-countrycode="ST" title="Sao Tome and Principe" >Sao Tome and Principe +239</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+966" data-countrycode="SA" title="Saudi Arabia" >Saudi Arabia +966</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+221" data-countrycode="SN" title="Senegal" >Senegal +221</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+381" data-countrycode="CS" title="Serbia" >Serbia +381</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+248" data-countrycode="SC" title="Seychelles" >Seychelles +248</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+232" data-countrycode="SL" title="Sierra Leone" >Sierra Leone +232</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+65" data-countrycode="SG" title="Singapore" >Singapore +65</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+421" data-countrycode="SK" title="Slovakia" >Slovakia +421</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+386" data-countrycode="SI" title="Slovenia" >Slovenia +386</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+677" data-countrycode="SB" title="Solomon Islands" >Solomon Islands +677</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+252" data-countrycode="SO" title="Somalia" >Somalia +252</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+27" data-countrycode="ZA" title="South Africa" >South Africa +27</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+34" data-countrycode="ES" title="Spain" >Spain +34</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+94" data-countrycode="LK" title="Sri Lanka" >Sri Lanka +94</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+290" data-countrycode="SH" title="Saint Helena" >Saint Helena +290</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1869" data-countrycode="KN" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis" >Saint Kitts and Nevis +1869</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1758" data-countrycode="SC" title="Saint Lucia" >Saint Lucia +1758</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+249" data-countrycode="SD" title="Sudan" >Sudan +249</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+597" data-countrycode="SR" title="Suriname" >Suriname +597</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+268" data-countrycode="SZ" title="Swaziland" >Swaziland +268</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+46" data-countrycode="SE" title="Sweden" >Sweden +46</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+41" data-countrycode="CH" title="Switzerland" >Switzerland +41</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+963" data-countrycode="SI" title="Syrian Arab Republic" >Syrian Arab Republic +963</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+886" data-countrycode="TW" title="Taiwan" >Taiwan +886</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+7" data-countrycode="TJ" title="Tajikistan" >Tajikistan +7</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+66" data-countrycode="TH" title="Thailand" >Thailand +66</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+228" data-countrycode="TG" title="Togo" >Togo +228</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+676" data-countrycode="TO" title="Tonga" >Tonga +676</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1868" data-countrycode="TT" title="Trinidad and Tobago" >Trinidad and Tobago +1868</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+216" data-countrycode="TN" title="Tunisia" >Tunisia +216</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+90" data-countrycode="TR" title="Turkey" >Turkey +90</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+993" data-countrycode="TM" title="Turkmenistan" >Turkmenistan +993</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1649" data-countrycode="TC" title="Turks and Caicos Islands" >Turks and Caicos Islands +1649</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+688" data-countrycode="TV" title="Tuvalu" >Tuvalu +688</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+256" data-countrycode="UG" title="Uganda" >Uganda +256</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+44" data-countrycode="GB" title="United Kingdom" >United Kingdom +44</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+380" data-countrycode="UA" title="Ukraine" >Ukraine +380</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+971" data-countrycode="AE" title="United Arab Emirates" >United Arab Emirates +971</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+598" data-countrycode="UY" title="Uruguay" >Uruguay +598</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+1" data-countrycode="US" title="United States" >United States +1</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+7" data-countrycode="UZ" title="Uzbekistan" >Uzbekistan +7</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+678" data-countrycode="VU" title="Vanuatu" >Vanuatu +678</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+379" data-countrycode="VA" title="Holy See (Vatican City State)" >Holy See (Vatican City State) +379</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+58" data-countrycode="VE" title="Venezuela" >Venezuela +58</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+84" data-countrycode="VN" title="Viet Nam" >Viet Nam +84</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+84" data-countrycode="VG" title="Virgin Islands, British" >Virgin Islands, British +84</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+84" data-countrycode="VI" title="Virgin Islands, U.S." >Virgin Islands, U.S. +84</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+681" data-countrycode="WF" title="Wallis and Futuna" >Wallis and Futuna +681</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+967" data-countrycode="YE" title="Yemen" >Yemen +967</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+260" data-countrycode="ZM" title="Zambia" >Zambia +260</div>
    
    <div class="tel-code__item" data-value="+263" data-countrycode="ZW" title="Zimbabwe" >Zimbabwe +263</div>
    
</div>
</div>

<input type="text" name="phone-dummy" class="phone-only" placeholder="9123456780" required data-invalid="Phone Number is missing">
<input type="hidden" name="phone" class="phone" required data-invalid="Phone Number is missing">
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">
                        <label>
                          Country <span class="red">*</span>
                            </label>
                            <select name="country" required>
                                
                                <option value="">Select a country</option>
                                
                                <option value="Albania" data-value="">Albania</option>
                                
                                <option value="Algeria" data-value="">Algeria</option>
                                
                                <option value="Andorra" data-value="">Andorra</option>
                                
                                <option value="Angola" data-value="">Angola</option>
                                
                                <option value="Anguilla" data-value="">Anguilla</option>
                                
                                <option value="Antigua And Barbuda" data-value="">Antigua And Barbuda</option>
                                
                                <option value="Argentina" data-value="">Argentina</option>
                                
                                <option value="Armenia" data-value="">Armenia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Aruba" data-value="">Aruba</option>
                                
                                <option value="Australia" data-value="">Australia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Austria" data-value="">Austria</option>
                                
                                <option value="Azerbaijan" data-value="">Azerbaijan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bahamas" data-value="">Bahamas</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bahrain" data-value="">Bahrain</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bangladesh" data-value="">Bangladesh</option>
                                
                                <option value="Barbados" data-value="">Barbados</option>
                                
                                <option value="Belarus" data-value="">Belarus</option>
                                
                                <option value="Belgium" data-value="">Belgium</option>
                                
                                <option value="Belize" data-value="">Belize</option>
                                
                                <option value="Benin" data-value="">Benin</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bermuda" data-value="">Bermuda</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bhutan" data-value="">Bhutan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bolivia" data-value="">Bolivia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina" data-value="">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option>
                                
                                <option value="Botswana" data-value="">Botswana</option>
                                
                                <option value="Brazil" data-value="">Brazil</option>
                                
                                <option value="Brunei Darussalam" data-value="">Brunei Darussalam</option>
                                
                                <option value="Bulgaria" data-value="">Bulgaria</option>
                                
                                <option value="Burkina Faso" data-value="">Burkina Faso</option>
                                
                                <option value="Burundi" data-value="">Burundi</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cambodia" data-value="">Cambodia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cameroon" data-value="">Cameroon</option>
                                
                                <option value="Canada" data-value="">Canada</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cape Verde" data-value="">Cape Verde</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cayman Islands" data-value="">Cayman Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Central African Republic" data-value="">Central African Republic</option>
                                
                                <option value="Chile" data-value="">Chile</option>
                                
                                <option value="China" data-value="">China</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cote d&#39;Ivoire" data-value="">Cote d&#39;Ivoire</option>
                                
                                <option value="Colombia" data-value="">Colombia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Comoros" data-value="">Comoros</option>
                                
                                <option value="Congo" data-value="">Congo</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cook Islands" data-value="">Cook Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Costa Rica" data-value="">Costa Rica</option>
                                
                                <option value="Croatia" data-value="">Croatia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cuba" data-value="">Cuba</option>
                                
                                <option value="Cyprus" data-value="">Cyprus</option>
                                
                                <option value="Czech Republic" data-value="">Czech Republic</option>
                                
                                <option value="Denmark" data-value="">Denmark</option>
                                
                                <option value="Djibouti" data-value="">Djibouti</option>
                                
                                <option value="Dominica" data-value="">Dominica</option>
                                
                                <option value="Dominican Republic" data-value="">Dominican Republic</option>
                                
                                <option value="Ecuador" data-value="">Ecuador</option>
                                
                                <option value="Egypt" data-value="">Egypt</option>
                                
                                <option value="El Salvador" data-value="">El Salvador</option>
                                
                                <option value="Equatorial Guinea" data-value="">Equatorial Guinea</option>
                                
                                <option value="Eritrea" data-value="">Eritrea</option>
                                
                                <option value="Estonia" data-value="">Estonia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Ethiopia" data-value="">Ethiopia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" data-value="">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</option>
                                
                                <option value="Faroe Islands" data-value="">Faroe Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Fiji" data-value="">Fiji</option>
                                
                                <option value="Finland" data-value="">Finland</option>
                                
                                <option value="France" data-value="">France</option>
                                
                                <option value="French Guiana" data-value="">French Guiana</option>
                                
                                <option value="French Polynesia" data-value="">French Polynesia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Gabon" data-value="">Gabon</option>
                                
                                <option value="Gambia" data-value="">Gambia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Georgia" data-value="">Georgia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Germany" data-value="">Germany</option>
                                
                                <option value="Ghana" data-value="">Ghana</option>
                                
                                <option value="Gibraltar" data-value="">Gibraltar</option>
                                
                                <option value="Greece" data-value="">Greece</option>
                                
                                <option value="Greenland" data-value="">Greenland</option>
                                
                                <option value="Grenada" data-value="">Grenada</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guadeloupe" data-value="">Guadeloupe</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guam" data-value="">Guam</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guatemala" data-value="">Guatemala</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guinea" data-value="">Guinea</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guinea-Bissau" data-value="">Guinea-Bissau</option>
                                
                                <option value="Guyana" data-value="">Guyana</option>
                                
                                <option value="Haiti" data-value="">Haiti</option>
                                
                                <option value="Honduras" data-value="">Honduras</option>
                                
                                <option value="Hong Kong" data-value="">Hong Kong</option>
                                
                                <option value="Hungary" data-value="">Hungary</option>
                                
                                <option value="Iceland" data-value="">Iceland</option>
                                
                                <option value="India" data-value="">India</option>
                                
                                <option value="Indonesia" data-value="">Indonesia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Iran, Islamic Republic of" data-value="">Iran, Islamic Republic of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Iraq" data-value="">Iraq</option>
                                
                                <option value="Ireland" data-value="">Ireland</option>
                                
                                <option value="Israel" data-value="">Israel</option>
                                
                                <option value="Italy" data-value="">Italy</option>
                                
                                <option value="Jamaica" data-value="">Jamaica</option>
                                
                                <option value="Japan" data-value="">Japan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Jordan" data-value="">Jordan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Kazakhstan" data-value="">Kazakhstan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Kenya" data-value="">Kenya</option>
                                
                                <option value="Kiribati" data-value="">Kiribati</option>
                                
                                <option value="Korea, Democratic People&#39;s Republic of" data-value="">Korea, Democratic People&#39;s Republic of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Korea, Republic of" data-value="">Korea, Republic of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Kuwait" data-value="">Kuwait</option>
                                
                                <option value="Kyrgyzstan" data-value="">Kyrgyzstan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic" data-value="">Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic</option>
                                
                                <option value="Latvia" data-value="">Latvia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Lebanon" data-value="">Lebanon</option>
                                
                                <option value="Lesotho" data-value="">Lesotho</option>
                                
                                <option value="Liberia" data-value="">Liberia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" data-value="">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</option>
                                
                                <option value="Liechtenstein" data-value="">Liechtenstein</option>
                                
                                <option value="Lithuania" data-value="">Lithuania</option>
                                
                                <option value="Luxembourg" data-value="">Luxembourg</option>
                                
                                <option value="Macao" data-value="">Macao</option>
                                
                                <option value="Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of" data-value="">Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Madagascar" data-value="">Madagascar</option>
                                
                                <option value="Malawi" data-value="">Malawi</option>
                                
                                <option value="Malaysia" data-value="">Malaysia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Maldives" data-value="">Maldives</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mali" data-value="">Mali</option>
                                
                                <option value="Malta" data-value="">Malta</option>
                                
                                <option value="Marshall Islands" data-value="">Marshall Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Martinique" data-value="">Martinique</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mauritania" data-value="">Mauritania</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mauritius" data-value="">Mauritius</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mayotte" data-value="">Mayotte</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mexico" data-value="">Mexico</option>
                                
                                <option value="Micronesia, Federated States of" data-value="">Micronesia, Federated States of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Moldova, Republic of" data-value="">Moldova, Republic of</option>
                                
                                <option value="Monaco" data-value="">Monaco</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mongolia" data-value="">Mongolia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Montserrat" data-value="">Montserrat</option>
                                
                                <option value="Morocco" data-value="">Morocco</option>
                                
                                <option value="Mozambique" data-value="">Mozambique</option>
                                
                                <option value="Myanmar" data-value="">Myanmar</option>
                                
                                <option value="Namibia" data-value="">Namibia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Nauru" data-value="">Nauru</option>
                                
                                <option value="Nepal" data-value="">Nepal</option>
                                
                                <option value="Netherlands" data-value="">Netherlands</option>
                                
                                <option value="New Caledonia" data-value="">New Caledonia</option>
                                
                                <option value="New Zealand" data-value="">New Zealand</option>
                                
                                <option value="Nicaragua" data-value="">Nicaragua</option>
                                
                                <option value="Niger" data-value="">Niger</option>
                                
                                <option value="Nigeria" data-value="">Nigeria</option>
                                
                                <option value="Niue" data-value="">Niue</option>
                                
                                <option value="Norfolk Island" data-value="">Norfolk Island</option>
                                
                                <option value="Northern Mariana Islands" data-value="">Northern Mariana Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Norway" data-value="">Norway</option>
                                
                                <option value="Oman" data-value="">Oman</option>
                                
                                <option value="Pakistan" data-value="">Pakistan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Palau" data-value="">Palau</option>
                                
                                <option value="Panama" data-value="">Panama</option>
                                
                                <option value="Papua New Guinea" data-value="">Papua New Guinea</option>
                                
                                <option value="Paraguay" data-value="">Paraguay</option>
                                
                                <option value="Peru" data-value="">Peru</option>
                                
                                <option value="Philippines" data-value="">Philippines</option>
                                
                                <option value="Poland" data-value="">Poland</option>
                                
                                <option value="Portugal" data-value="">Portugal</option>
                                
                                <option value="Puerto Rico" data-value="">Puerto Rico</option>
                                
                                <option value="Qatar" data-value="">Qatar</option>
                                
                                <option value="Reunion" data-value="">Reunion</option>
                                
                                <option value="Romania" data-value="">Romania</option>
                                
                                <option value="Russian Federation" data-value="">Russian Federation</option>
                                
                                <option value="Rwanda" data-value="">Rwanda</option>
                                
                                <option value="San Marino" data-value="">San Marino</option>
                                
                                <option value="Sao Tome and Principe" data-value="">Sao Tome and Principe</option>
                                
                                <option value="Saudi Arabia" data-value="">Saudi Arabia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Senegal" data-value="">Senegal</option>
                                
                                <option value="Serbia" data-value="">Serbia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Seychelles" data-value="">Seychelles</option>
                                
                                <option value="Sierra Leone" data-value="">Sierra Leone</option>
                                
                                <option value="Singapore" data-value="">Singapore</option>
                                
                                <option value="Slovakia" data-value="">Slovakia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Slovenia" data-value="">Slovenia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Solomon Islands" data-value="">Solomon Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Somalia" data-value="">Somalia</option>
                                
                                <option value="South Africa" data-value="">South Africa</option>
                                
                                <option value="Spain" data-value="">Spain</option>
                                
                                <option value="Sri Lanka" data-value="">Sri Lanka</option>
                                
                                <option value="Saint Helena" data-value="">Saint Helena</option>
                                
                                <option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis" data-value="">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option>
                                
                                <option value="Saint Lucia" data-value="">Saint Lucia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Sudan" data-value="">Sudan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Suriname" data-value="">Suriname</option>
                                
                                <option value="Swaziland" data-value="">Swaziland</option>
                                
                                <option value="Sweden" data-value="">Sweden</option>
                                
                                <option value="Switzerland" data-value="">Switzerland</option>
                                
                                <option value="Syrian Arab Republic" data-value="">Syrian Arab Republic</option>
                                
                                <option value="Taiwan" data-value="">Taiwan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Tajikistan" data-value="">Tajikistan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Thailand" data-value="">Thailand</option>
                                
                                <option value="Togo" data-value="">Togo</option>
                                
                                <option value="Tonga" data-value="">Tonga</option>
                                
                                <option value="Trinidad and Tobago" data-value="">Trinidad and Tobago</option>
                                
                                <option value="Tunisia" data-value="">Tunisia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Turkey" data-value="">Turkey</option>
                                
                                <option value="Turkmenistan" data-value="">Turkmenistan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Turks and Caicos Islands" data-value="">Turks and Caicos Islands</option>
                                
                                <option value="Tuvalu" data-value="">Tuvalu</option>
                                
                                <option value="Uganda" data-value="">Uganda</option>
                                
                                <option value="United Kingdom" data-value="">United Kingdom</option>
                                
                                <option value="Ukraine" data-value="">Ukraine</option>
                                
                                <option value="United Arab Emirates" data-value="">United Arab Emirates</option>
                                
                                <option value="Uruguay" data-value="">Uruguay</option>
                                
                                <option value="United States" data-value="">United States</option>
                                
                                <option value="Uzbekistan" data-value="">Uzbekistan</option>
                                
                                <option value="Vanuatu" data-value="">Vanuatu</option>
                                
                                <option value="Holy See (Vatican City State)" data-value="">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option>
                                
                                <option value="Venezuela" data-value="">Venezuela</option>
                                
                                <option value="Viet Nam" data-value="">Viet Nam</option>
                                
                                <option value="Virgin Islands, British" data-value="">Virgin Islands, British</option>
                                
                                <option value="Virgin Islands, U.S." data-value="">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option>
                                
                                <option value="Wallis and Futuna" data-value="">Wallis and Futuna</option>
                                
                                <option value="Yemen" data-value="">Yemen</option>
                                
                                <option value="Zambia" data-value="">Zambia</option>
                                
                                <option value="Zimbabwe" data-value="">Zimbabwe</option>
                                
                            </select>
                        </div>           
                  </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">
                </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">
                        <label class="">Industry <span class="red">*</span></label>
                        <select name="industry_type_id" id="industry_type_id" class="industry_type_id" required>
                            <option value="">Select</option>
                            <option value="Aerospace &amp; Defense">Aerospace &amp; Defense
                            </option> <option value="Agribusiness">Agribusiness
                            </option> <option value="Conglomerate">Conglomerate
                            </option> <option value="Construction">Construction
                            </option> <option value="Education &amp; Research">Education &amp; Research
                            </option> <option value="Energy">Energy
                            </option> <option value="Financial Services">Financial Services
                            </option> <option value="Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco">Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco
                            </option> <option value="Government &amp; Public Institutions">Government &amp; Public Institutions
                            </option> <option value="Healthcare">Healthcare
                            </option> <option value="Hospitality">Hospitality
                            </option> <option value="Leisure &amp; Entertainment">Leisure &amp; Entertainment
                            </option> <option value="Manufacturing">Manufacturing
                            </option> <option value="Media &amp; Telecommunications">Media &amp; Telecommunications
                            </option> <option value="Mobility &amp; Transportation">Mobility &amp; Transportation
                            </option> <option value="Non Profit">Non Profit
                            </option> <option value="Other">Other
                            </option> <option value="Retail">Retail
                            </option> <option value="Consulting &amp; Specialized Services">Consulting &amp; Specialized Services
                            </option> <option value="Technology">Technology
                            </option> 
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">
                        <label for="orgRole">Your role in the organization<span class="red">*</span></label>
                        <input type="text" name="role" class="position"
                            placeholder="e.g. Chief Technology Officer" data-invalid="Position is missing/incorrect"
                            required>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">
                        <label for="employeeNum">Organization Size<span class="red">*</span></label>
                        <select name="organizationSize" id="" required="">
                            <option value="">Select</option>
                            <option value="1-10">1-10</option>
                            <option value="11-500">11-500</option>
                            <option value="501-10000">501-10000</option>
                            <option value="More than 10000"> &gt; 10000</option>
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="formgroup__col col-lg-6">
                    <div class="formfield">

By clicking on “Access”, you agree to the processing of the data you entered and you allow us to contact you for the purpose selected in the form. For further information, see our Data Privacy Policy.

Read Part 2 of Our Mis/Disinformation Blog Series 🔗︎

In Part 2 of our Mis/Disinformation blog series, you will find a basic investigative workflow with a simple but insightful mis/disinformation investigation conducted with Maltego.


You can also check out our previously published use cases and tutorials about tracing fake news networks and the spread of image-based campaigns:

Tracing Internet Relationships and The Spread of Fake News 🔗︎

Study the relationship between different URLs to understand how a particular piece or pieces of fake news spread by using Maltego Standard Transforms which are shipped with the Maltego Client.

Mapping Visual Disinformation Campaigns with Maltego and TinEye 🔗︎

If you encounter an image or meme that looks suspicious, out of context, or extremely polarized, you can conduct a reverse image search with TinEye Transforms and search the web for the same image or variations thereof. In doing so, you will be able to investigate visual disinformation campaigns.

Don’t forget to download this infographic and share it with your friends, family, and colleagues!

Sources:

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